Governing powerful technologies under uncertainty requires making bets. The question is not whether to bet. It is whether the bet you are making is calibrated to the actual risk.

As emphasized in President Trump’s Cyber Strategy for America, the transition to PQC must begin immediately. While extensive federal guidance exists, urgent action from Congress and executive agencies is needed to allocate the necessary resources, improve preparedness, and drive adoption across critical infrastructure. The report’s recommendations provide a framework for achieving national PQC resilience.

This is the second in a series of articles examining the security implications of AI-driven vulnerability discovery. The first addressed the engineering foundation. This one addresses the operational reality. This one addresses how organizations must operate from where they actually are, which for most is not a clean, well-architected starting point but rather decades of accumulated technical decisions that were never evaluated through a security engineering lens.